Smart Passivation Materials with a Liquid Metal Microcapsule as Self-Healing Conductors for Sustainable and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract: The electrical failure of conductive pathways in highly integrated circuits results in loss of function that is often impossible to repair and remains a long-standing problem hindering advanced electronic packaging. However, liquid metals, such as pure gallium or eutectic gallium alloy, represent a promising way to create conductive pathways with metallic conductivity (~3×10 4 S·cm-1) that benefit from the low melting point (15.7 °C) and viscosity (2·10-3 Pa·s) of the metal. For a relatively small volume fraction of microcapsules including liquid metal are located on top of conductors, the damaged sites could be healed with high efficiency. This healing system shows the potential for more sustainable electronic devices with increased defect-tolerance, improved circuit reliability, and extended service life.